#MITTI ATTAR PRICE IN INDIA SKIN#

The Role of Musk and Musk Compounds in the Fragrance Industry. THE USES OF MUSK AND EUROPE ROLE IN ITS TRADE. ^ Qazi Dr, Shaikh Abbas Borhany (April 1, 2006).'Chronicles Of The Chronicler : Abul Fazal And 'His' Akbarnama'. 'THE QUEEN WAS ACTUALLY A MAN: ARWË BINT AîMAD AND THE POLITICS OF RELIGION'.

Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquity Zamalek Cairo Egypt. Preparation and Use of Perfumes and Perfumed Substances in Ancient Egypt. New York: Institute of the History of Medicine Books. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936.

^ Supriya Kumar, Bhattacharjee (2010).

Encyclopaedia of the World Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities, Volume 1.

^ Singh, Nagendra Kr Mabud Khan, Abdul (2001).

'How Mumbai's oldest Ittar market is keeping its business alive'. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT). Studies in Islamic Civilization: The Muslim Contribution to the Renaissance. Īlthough attars are mostly used as a perfume, they are also used for medicinal and aphrodisiacal purposes. Likewise, 'cool' attars, such as rose, jasmine, khus, kewda and mogra, are used in summers for their perceived cooling effect on the body. 'Warm' attars, such as musk, amber and kesar (saffron), are used in winter, as they are believed to increase body temperature. Uses and types Īttars are generally classified based on their perceived effect on the body. These fountains would create a very pleasant fragrant and romantic atmosphere by functioning continuously. The ruler of Awadh, Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah used to prepare fountains of attar around his bedroom. Animal substances, such as myrrh, musk, and anbar, were used along with roots of special trees and a few other spices. The barks that were used in Akbar's time, according to Faizee, were aloe, sandalwood, and cinnamon. Ībul Fazal Faizee gives another verdict of how Attar was used to making the Mabkhara-incense-burner. This type of attar was prepared from mountainous flowers and given as a gift to the monarchs of Arabia. In Yemen, a special variety of attar was introduced by Arwa al-Sulayhi, the Yemeni Queen. Liquid perfumes used to be a mixture of oil and crushed herbs until his discovery where he first experimented with roses. He was among the first people to come with the technique of distillation of roses and other plant fragrances. It was later refined and developed by al-Shaykh al-Rais, a renowned physician who made a distinctive type of aromatic product. They were formulated from plants and flowers before they could be added to other oils. The Egyptians were famous for producing perfumes throughout the ancient world. The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist. The word 'attar', 'ittar' or 'itra' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr ( عطر), meaning 'perfume'. These techniques are still in use today at Kannauj in India. Technically attars are distillates of flowers, herbs, spices and other natural materials such as baked soil over sandalwood oil/liquid paraffins using hydrodistillation technique involving a still ( deg) and receiving vessel ( bhapka). The aging period can last from one to ten years depending on the botanicals used and the results desired. The oils are generally distilled into a wood base such as sandalwood and then aged. Attar can also be expressed by chemical means but generally natural perfumes which qualify as attars are distilled with water. Ibn Sina was first to derive the attar of flowers from distillation. Most commonly these oils are extracted via hydrodistillation or steam distillation.

#MITTI ATTAR PRICE IN INDIA SKIN#

The bottles are for aging the perfume (the skin breathes, allowing the water to evaporate while holding in the fragrance and oil, becoming a perfume, or attar.)Īttar, also known as ittar, is an essential oil derived from botanical or other natural sources. JSTOR ( April 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭamel skin perfume bottles from Kannauj.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.

Mitti attar price in india